Quebec’s population fell slightly in 2025 to an estimated 9.03 million, down about 9,600 from the previous year, according to the latest figures from the Institut de la statistique du Québec.
The decline reflects a sharp reduction in temporary immigration after years of rapid growth fueled by international students, temporary workers, and asylum claimants.
Temporary residents in the province decreased by 51,400, bringing the total to 514,050 at the start of 2026. Permanent immigration, however, rose slightly to 60,150 new arrivals, though this was insufficient to offset broader demographic pressures.
Quebec recorded more deaths than births for the second consecutive year, with 80,450 deaths versus 78,200 births. The province’s fertility rate remained low at 1.36 children per woman, and the average age of mothers at first birth reached 30.2 years.
Net international migration contributed only 450 people, while interprovincial migration resulted in a loss of 7,600 residents.
The report highlights the challenge for Quebec and Canada in balancing reduced temporary immigration with the need to maintain population stability and support the workforce.
